Have you ever heard of generational poverty? While the term may not be familiar to everyone, many of us have likely experienced it or seen others living in such circumstances. Generational poverty is generally defined as a situation in which at least two generations of a family live below the poverty line. Once poverty takes root in a family, it tends to persist unless there is some form of external intervention.
The primary reason for the cycle of poverty is the lack of capital formation or wealth accumulation that perpetuates through generations. In contrast, there are instances where individuals face temporary hardships due to circumstances such as food insecurity, wars, reduced income, or economic instability. In these cases, they may only experience short-term poverty and can often return to their previous standards of living with assistance. This type of poverty is known as situational poverty. However, if relatives or external organizations do not intervene, situational poverty can lead to generational poverty.
In Suratul Israa, Allah (s.w) speaks about spending on family members concisely yet powerfully with a couple of verses. He says:
وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا
(26) And give the relative his right, and [also] the poor and the traveller, and do not spend wastefully.
and;
وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ۖ نَّحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًا
(31) And do not kill your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and for you. Indeed, their killing is ever a great sin.
When we reflect on the verses mentioned, we see that Allah (S.W) emphasizes the importance of spending on family before any other social obligations. He explicitly forbids the killing of children out of fear of poverty, a practice that was common during the Jahiliyyah period. Poverty is a calamity that imposes negative effects upon people, and because of this, Allah’s Messenger would often pray to Allah, asking to be protected from the trial of poverty.
There are several reasons why people may refrain from helping their relatives. One common cause is the failure to maintain family ties. Conflicts arising from financial or emotional issues often create divisions among relatives. Some may distance themselves from their families because of differing social standards. This should not occur. Sometimes cutting ties is a result of a trial (fitnah) that occurs between family members. For example, when Aisha (R.A) was accused of wrongdoing by one of her relatives, Abu Bakr (R.A) vowed not to support him and his family anymore. In response, Allah revealed a verse addressing this situation.
﴿وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَن يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا ۗ أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَن يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ﴾
“And let not those of virtue among you and wealth swear not to give [aid] to their relatives and the needy and the emigrants for the cause of Allah, and let them pardon and overlook. Would you not like that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” [Surah Al Nur, Verse 22]
Conflicts can certainly arise, but Allah (S.W.) prefers forgiveness over allowing a relative in need to struggle.
A common problem is the lack of understanding regarding Islamic teachings on wealth distribution. In Islam, wealth distribution encompasses inheritance, wasiyyah (will), and waqf a’aily (family waqf). The Qur’an outlines specific shares for heirs and encourages individuals to create a will before passing away, allowing them to designate one-third of their assets to non-heirs, including other family members. All of these guidelines aim to safeguard us from disputes, ensure that everyone receives their rightful share, and prevent the mistreatment of relatives. Establishing a waqf foundation for one’s family is also strongly encouraged and can significantly benefit future generations.
Emphasizing financial assistance from family can yield considerable resources that can be channeled into advantageous opportunities. Given that family members often spend a substantial amount of time together, they typically have a good understanding of each other’s needs and life phases. As Muslims, it is our duty to understand these ideas and consult scholars regarding these crucial issues, which can aid in maintaining the dignity of families. The Prophet (S.A.W.) said,
“If you leave your heirs independent of means, that is better than leaving them to beg from people.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2742.
In Islam, charity begins with those closest to us. As the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “The best charity is that which is practised by a wealthy person. And start giving first to your dependents.” (Sahih al-Bukhari 1426). This emphasizes the importance of prioritizing family in our acts of charity, especially during Ramadan, a time when Muslims are particularly generous.
During this blessed month, it is essential to remember our family members who are struggling. Assisting relatives in need is not just an act of charity; it also strengthens family ties and promotes long-term independence. The Quran also emphasizes this obligation:
آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا ۚ فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
“Your parents or your children – you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. [These shares are] an obligation [imposed] by Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.” (Surah An-Nisaa, 4:11).
For those affected by generational poverty who lack relatives to help them, it is the responsibility of the Muslim Ummah to provide substantial support to enable their independence.
The Muslim Ummah must unite to offer comprehensive assistance that empowers individuals toward self-sufficiency. This support should include interest-free loans, education and vocational training, business/start-up capital, as well as mental and physical healthcare to help individuals develop the skills and health necessary to thrive. Community-based initiatives such as business incubators, scholarships, and wellness programs can lay the groundwork for long-term independence.
One of the most overlooked groups in need is reverts to Islam. It is essential to recognize the unique challenges they face, particularly those who can no longer inherit from their non-Muslim families. Many reverts find themselves in vulnerable financial situations, losing family support and lacking resources for sustenance. This can create a cycle of poverty that, if not addressed, may become generational. This is why reverts are eligible to receive zakat, as they too need assistance to overcome financial hardships.
Likewise, in Surah Al-Hashr, Allah Subhanahu Wataala beautifully recounts the monumental moment of Hijrah, when the early Muslim migrants, known as the Muhajirun, arrived in the welcoming city of Madinah after fleeing persecution in Makkah.
لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُون (8)
8. For the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allāh and [His] approval and supporting [the cause of] Allāh and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful. {Al-Hashr}
وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ (9)
9. And [also for] those who were settled in the Home [i.e.,al-Madīnah] and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what they [i.e., the emigrants] were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul – it is those who will be the successful.
As revealed above, the Muhajirun arrived with little more than the clothes on their backs, having left behind their homes, possessions, and loved ones in their quest for safety and the practice of their faith. The local residents of Madinah, referred to as the Ansar, greeted these newcomers with immense joy and open-hearted hospitality.
With generous spirits, the Ansar shared their resources, providing shelter, food, and companionship, effectively creating a supportive community that allowed the Muhajirun to rebuild their lives from the ground up. They pooled their wealth and efforts, ensuring that the immigrants could thrive in their new environment while cultivating a sense of brotherhood and solidarity.
This incredible event exemplifies the selflessness and unity that the ummah should embody. It highlights the importance of community support and collaboration in improving the lives of those in need. We are reminded that true strength lies in our willingness to stand together and uplift one another during difficult times.
With that in mind, the ummah should focus on creating sustainable projects and businesses by providing guidance, resources, and support. This approach will enable individuals to establish self-reliant income streams. Furthermore, advocating for fair wages, affordable housing, and systemic change is essential to addressing the root causes of poverty.
In conclusion, let this be a reminder to all believers to share the blessings that Allah has bestowed upon them, starting with their relatives. For those who are wealthy or have access to more resources than others, it is especially important to go beyond giving temporary handouts or food items that provide short-term relief. Instead, strive to create sustainable projects and opportunities that empower your relatives and the broader Ummah. By investing in education, skills training, businesses, and long-term support, we can help break the cycle of poverty and foster lasting independence. May Allah grant us the wisdom and generosity to give in a manner that He loves, beginning with our loved ones and creating opportunities that uplift others for the long haul.
REFERENCES
https://quranenc.com/en/browse/english_saheeh/17/#31
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/95340/poverty-in-islam-negative-effects-and-means-of-elimination
https://www.compassion.com/poverty/generational-poverty.htm
https://myislam.org/quran-verses/generosity